上一篇《》介绍了实现Shiro的基础认证。本篇谈谈实现Shiro的基础授权。
需求:
① 某系统有公共模块、领导模块、管理员模块三个业务模块,均需要登录系统后才可以访问。
② admin、leader、employee三个人职位分别是管理员、领导、员工,均可登录系统。
③ 不同职位的人登录系统后,能看到的功能模块不同。管理员可以访问全部三个模块。领导可以访问除去管理员模块外的两个模块。员工只能访问公共模块。
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分析:
典型的运用授权权限的需求,继续考虑使用Shiro。
问题1、认证和授权怎么理解呢?
答:一点粗浅理解,比如通过了美国的签证能进入美国了,这就是获得了认证。
但是进入美国了,也只能去有授权的地方玩玩,五角大楼能进么?没有授权是不给进的。
所以,授权是在认证获得后进一步的安全管理。
问题2、需求在描述什么场景?
答:需求中包含了基于角色的权限访问控制RBAC(Role-Based Access Control)的设计思路。
简单来说,单个人对某某资源可操作。
进一步考虑,如果是多个人对某某资源可操作呢?需要重复的这样设置么?运用归纳思想,把这样的多个人归为一类,形成了角色的概念。即这一角色的多个人对某某资源可操作。
RBAC认为权限授权实际上是Who、What、How的问题。在RBAC模型中,who、what、how构成了访问权限三元组,也就是“Who对What(Which)进行How的操作”。
问题3、针对本需求的RBAC设计是怎么样的?
答:简化设计为:用户和角色为多对一关系、角色和资源为多对多关系
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0、数据库建表init.sql
1 -- 初始化 2 DROP TABLE sys_user; 3 DROP TABLE sys_role; 4 DROP TABLE sys_resource; 5 DROP TABLE sys_role_resource; 6 7 -- 用户信息表 8 CREATE TABLE sys_user 9 (10 userid INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '用户编号',11 username VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',12 `password` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',13 roleid INT NOT NULL COMMENT '角色编号'14 );15 16 INSERT INTO sys_user VALUES(NULL, 'admin', '123', 1), (NULL, 'leader', '456', 2), (NULL, 'employee', '789', 3);17 18 SELECT * FROM sys_user;19 20 -- 角色信息表21 CREATE TABLE sys_role22 (23 roleid INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '角色编号',24 rolename VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色名称'25 );26 27 INSERT INTO sys_role VALUES(NULL, '管理员'), (NULL, '领导'), (NULL, '员工');28 29 SELECT * FROM sys_role;30 31 -- 资源信息表32 CREATE TABLE sys_resource33 (34 resourceid INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '资源编号',35 resourcename VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '资源名称',36 resourceurl VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '资源URL'37 );38 39 INSERT INTO sys_resource VALUES40 (NULL, '公共模块', 'publicModule'),41 (NULL, '领导模块', 'leaderModule'),42 (NULL, '管理员模块', 'adminModule');43 44 SELECT * FROM sys_resource;45 46 -- 角色资源关联表47 CREATE TABLE sys_role_resource48 (49 id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '关联编号',50 roleid INT NOT NULL COMMENT '角色编号',51 resourceid INT NOT NULL COMMENT '资源编号'52 );53 54 INSERT INTO sys_role_resource VALUES55 (NULL, 1, 1), (NULL, 1, 2), (NULL, 1, 3),56 (NULL, 2, 1), (NULL, 2, 2),57 (NULL, 3, 1);58 59 SELECT * FROM sys_role_resource;60 61 -- 获取用户能访问的资源URL62 SELECT u.userid, rs.resourceurl63 FROM sys_role_resource AS rr64 INNER JOIN sys_resource AS rs ON rr.resourceid = rs.resourceid65 INNER JOIN sys_role AS r ON rr.roleid = r.roleid66 INNER JOIN sys_user AS u ON u.roleid = r.roleid67 WHERE u.userid = 1;
1、编写项目对象模型文件pom.xml
1 25 4.0.0 6 7cn.temptation 8studyShiro 91.0-SNAPSHOT 10 1112 16 17org.springframework.boot 13spring-boot-starter-parent 142.0.4.RELEASE 1518 19 5820 23 24org.springframework.boot 21spring-boot-starter-web 2225 28 29org.springframework.boot 26spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf 2730 33 34org.springframework.boot 31spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 3235 39 40org.mariadb.jdbc 36mariadb-java-client 372.2.5 3841 45 46org.apache.shiro 42shiro-spring 431.4.0 4447 51 52com.github.theborakompanioni 48thymeleaf-extras-shiro 492.0.0 5053 57org.springframework.boot 54spring-boot-devtools 55true 56
2、编写项目配置文件application.properties
1 # 数据库访问配置 2 # 对应MariaDB驱动 3 spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver 4 5 # 数据源配置 6 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test 7 spring.datasource.username=root 8 spring.datasource.password=sa 9 10 # 配置Springboot默认支持的Hikari数据库连接池11 spring.datasource.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource12 spring.datasource.hikari.minimum-idle=513 spring.datasource.hikari.maximum-pool-size=1514 spring.datasource.hikari.auto-commit=true15 spring.datasource.hikari.idle-timeout=3000016 spring.datasource.hikari.pool-name=DatebookHikariCP17 spring.datasource.hikari.max-lifetime=180000018 spring.datasource.hikari.connection-timeout=3000019 spring.datasource.hikari.connection-test-query=SELECT 120 21 # Spring Data JPA配置22 spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect23 spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update24 spring.jpa.show-sql=true25 spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true26 27 # 格式化输出的json字符串28 spring.jackson.serialization.indent_output=true29 30 # 设置控制台彩色打印31 spring.output.ansi.enabled=ALWAYS
3、编写项目启动类Application.java
1 package cn.temptation; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; 4 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; 5 6 @SpringBootApplication 7 public class Application { 8 public static void main(String[] args) { 9 // SpringBoot项目启动10 SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);11 }12 }
4、编写全局异常处理类GlobalExceptionHandler.java
1 package cn.temptation.util; 2 3 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; 5 6 /** 7 * 全局异常处理类 8 */ 9 @ControllerAdvice10 public class GlobalExceptionHandler {11 @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)12 public String errorHandler(Exception exception) {13 return "redirect:/error/500";14 }15 }
5、编写错误页配置类ErrorPageConfig.java 和 错误页控制器ErrorController.java
错误页配置类ErrorPageConfig.java
1 package cn.temptation.util; 2 3 import org.springframework.boot.web.server.ErrorPage; 4 import org.springframework.boot.web.server.ErrorPageRegistrar; 5 import org.springframework.boot.web.server.ErrorPageRegistry; 6 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; 7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 8 9 /**10 * 错误页配置类11 */12 @Component13 public class ErrorPageConfig implements ErrorPageRegistrar {14 @Override15 public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {16 // 错误类型为401(无访问权限),显示401.html页面17 ErrorPage errorPage401 = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "/error/401");18 19 // 错误类型为404(找不到资源),显示404.html页面20 ErrorPage errorPage404 = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "/error/404");21 22 // 错误类型为500(服务器内部错误),显示500.html页面23 ErrorPage errorPage500 = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "/error/500");24 25 errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage401, errorPage404, errorPage500);26 }27 }
错误页控制器ErrorController.java
1 package cn.temptation.util; 2 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; 5 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 6 7 /** 8 * 错误页控制器 9 */10 @Controller11 @RequestMapping("/error")12 public class ErrorController {13 // 401页面14 @GetMapping(value = "/401")15 public String error_401() {16 return "error/error_401";17 }18 19 // 404页面20 @GetMapping(value = "/404")21 public String error_404() {22 return "error/error_404";23 }24 25 // 500页面26 @GetMapping(value = "/500")27 public String error_500() {28 return "error/error_500";29 }30 }
6、编写错误页error_401.html、error_404.html 和 error_500.html
1 2 3 4 5 6401 7 69 70 717275 76没有授权
73抱歉,您没有授权访问该页面
74
1 2 3 4 5 6404 7 69 70 717280 81没有找到:(
73抱歉,您试图访问的页面不存在
74可能是如下原因:
7576
79- 一个错误的地址
77- 一个过时的链接
78
1 2 3 4 5 6500 7 69 70 717275 76内部错误
73抱歉,服务器上出现了错误......
74
6、编写登录页面login.html、首页页面index.html、公共模块页page_public.html、领导模块页page_leader.html 和 管理员模块页page_admin.html
1 2 3 4 514 15系统登录 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5公共模块 6 7 8 公共模块(管理员、领导、员工均可访问) 9 10
1 2 3 4 5领导模块 6 7 8 领导模块(管理员、领导均可访问) 9 10
1 2 3 4 5管理员模块 6 7 8 管理员模块(管理员可访问) 9 10
7、编写Shiro框架用配置类ShiroConfig.java 和 自定义Realm类MyRealm.java
配置类ShiroConfig.java
1 package cn.temptation.shiro; 2 3 import at.pollux.thymeleaf.shiro.dialect.ShiroDialect; 4 import cn.temptation.dao.ResourceDao; 5 import cn.temptation.domain.Resource; 6 import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean; 7 import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager; 8 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 9 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; 10 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; 11 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; 12 13 import java.util.LinkedHashMap; 14 import java.util.List; 15 import java.util.Map; 16 17 /** 18 * Shiro配置类 19 */ 20 @Configuration 21 public class ShiroConfig { 22 @Autowired 23 private ResourceDao resourceDao; 24 25 // 1、创建ShiroFilterFactoryBean 26 @Bean 27 public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) { 28 ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean(); 29 // 设置安全管理器 30 shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager); 31 32 // 设置登录跳转页面 33 shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login"); 34 35 /** 36 * Shiro内置过滤器:实现权限相关的拦截 37 * 常用过滤器: 38 * anon(认证用):无需认证(登录)即可访问 39 * authc(认证用):必须认证才可访问 40 * user(少用):使用rememberMe功能可以访问 41 * perms(授权用):必须得到资源权限才可访问 42 * role(授权用):必须得到角色权限才可访问 43 */ 44 MapfilterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>(); 45 46 // 放行登录请求 47 filterMap.put("/doLogin", "anon"); 48 49 // 配置退出过滤器,退出代码Shiro已经实现 50 filterMap.put("/logout", "logout"); 51 52 // 配置授权过滤器 53 54 // 先代码写死,测试下 55 // filterMap.put("/publicModule", "perms[user:publicModule]"); 56 // filterMap.put("/leaderModule", "perms[user:leaderModule]"); 57 // filterMap.put("/adminModule", "perms[user:adminModule]"); 58 59 // 获取所有资源,并配置需要进行授权过滤的资源 60 List resources = resourceDao.findAll(); 61 resources.forEach(item -> { 62 if (!"".equals(item.getResourceurl())) { 63 filterMap.put("/" + item.getResourceurl(), "perms[user:" + item.getResourceurl() + "]"); 64 } 65 }); 66 67 // 过滤链定义,从上向下顺序执行,一般将/*放在最下边 68 filterMap.put("/*", "authc"); 69 70 // 设置未授权界面 71 shiroFilterFactoryBean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/error/401"); 72 73 shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap); 74 75 return shiroFilterFactoryBean; 76 } 77 78 // 2、创建DefaultWebSecurityManager 79 @Bean(name = "securityManager") 80 public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("myRealm") MyRealm myRealm) { 81 DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); 82 83 // 关联Realm 84 defaultWebSecurityManager.setRealm(myRealm); 85 86 return defaultWebSecurityManager; 87 } 88 89 // 3、创建Realm 90 @Bean(name = "myRealm") 91 public MyRealm getRealm() { 92 return new MyRealm(); 93 } 94 95 // 4、配置ShiroDialect后,可以在页面使用Shiro标签 96 @Bean 97 public ShiroDialect getShiroDialect() { 98 return new ShiroDialect(); 99 }100 }
自定义Realm类MyRealm.java
1 package cn.temptation.shiro; 2 3 import cn.temptation.dao.ResourceDao; 4 import cn.temptation.dao.UserDao; 5 import cn.temptation.domain.User; 6 import org.apache.shiro.authc.*; 7 import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo; 8 import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo; 9 import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;10 import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;11 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;12 13 import java.util.List;14 15 /**16 * 自定义Realm17 */18 public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {19 @Autowired20 private UserDao userDao;21 @Autowired22 private ResourceDao resourceDao;23 24 // 授权处理25 @Override26 protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {27 // 获取当前登录获得认证的用户28 User user = (User) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();29 // 下句语句会抛出异常交由ErrorController类根据ErrorPageConfig类中注册的响应码和错误页面处理30 // System.out.println(1 / 0);31 32 if (user != null) {33 // 给资源授权34 SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();35 36 // 先代码写死,测试下37 // info.addStringPermission("user:publicModule");38 // info.addStringPermission("user:leaderModule");39 // info.addStringPermission("user:adminModule");40 41 // 根据获得认证的用户编号查询该用户具备的资源URL集合42 Listresourceurls = resourceDao.findByUserid(user.getUserid());43 44 // 遍历集合,组装成满足授权过滤器过滤格式,并添加到资源信息中45 resourceurls.forEach(item -> info.addStringPermission("user:" + item));46 47 return info;48 }49 50 return null;51 }52 53 // 认证处理54 @Override55 protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {56 // 编写Shiro判断逻辑,判断账号和密码57 // 1、判断账号58 UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;59 60 User user = userDao.findByUsername(token.getUsername());61 if (user == null) {62 // 账号错误,Shiro底层会抛出UnknownAccountException异常63 return null;64 }65 66 // 2、判断密码67 // 只做认证,principal可以设置为空字符串68 // return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", user.getPassword(), "");69 // 认证后做授权处理,需要将获得认证的用户对象赋值给principal,授权处理时会用到70 return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPassword(), "");71 }72 }
8、编写用户实体类User.java、角色实体类Role.java 和 资源实体类Resource.java
用户实体类User.java
1 package cn.temptation.domain; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 5 @Entity 6 @Table(name = "sys_user") 7 public class User { 8 @Id 9 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)10 @Column(name = "userid")11 private Integer userid;12 13 @Column(name = "username")14 private String username;15 16 @Column(name = "password")17 private String password;18 19 @ManyToOne20 @JoinColumn(name = "roleid", foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "none"))21 private Role role;22 23 public Integer getUserid() {24 return userid;25 }26 27 public void setUserid(Integer userid) {28 this.userid = userid;29 }30 31 public String getUsername() {32 return username;33 }34 35 public void setUsername(String username) {36 this.username = username;37 }38 39 public String getPassword() {40 return password;41 }42 43 public void setPassword(String password) {44 this.password = password;45 }46 47 public Role getRole() {48 return role;49 }50 51 public void setRole(Role role) {52 this.role = role;53 }54 }
角色实体类Role.java
1 package cn.temptation.domain; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 import java.util.Set; 5 6 @Entity 7 @Table(name = "sys_role") 8 public class Role { 9 @Id10 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)11 @Column(name = "roleid")12 private Integer roleid;13 14 @Column(name = "rolename")15 private String rolename;16 17 @ManyToMany18 @JoinTable(name = "sys_role_resource",19 joinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "roleid", referencedColumnName = "roleid", foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "none"))},20 inverseJoinColumns = {@JoinColumn(name = "resourceid", referencedColumnName = "resourceid", foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "none"))})21 private Setresources;22 23 public Integer getRoleid() {24 return roleid;25 }26 27 public void setRoleid(Integer roleid) {28 this.roleid = roleid;29 }30 31 public String getRolename() {32 return rolename;33 }34 35 public void setRolename(String rolename) {36 this.rolename = rolename;37 }38 }
资源实体类Resource.java
1 package cn.temptation.domain; 2 3 import javax.persistence.*; 4 5 @Entity 6 @Table(name = "sys_resource") 7 public class Resource { 8 @Id 9 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)10 @Column(name = "resourceid")11 private Integer resourceid;12 13 @Column(name = "resourcename")14 private String resourcename;15 16 @Column(name = "resourceurl")17 private String resourceurl;18 19 public Integer getResourceid() {20 return resourceid;21 }22 23 public void setResourceid(Integer resourceid) {24 this.resourceid = resourceid;25 }26 27 public String getResourcename() {28 return resourcename;29 }30 31 public void setResourcename(String resourcename) {32 this.resourcename = resourcename;33 }34 35 public String getResourceurl() {36 return resourceurl;37 }38 39 public void setResourceurl(String resourceurl) {40 this.resourceurl = resourceurl;41 }42 }
9、编写用户控制器类UserController.java
1 package cn.temptation.web; 2 3 import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; 4 import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException; 5 import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException; 6 import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken; 7 import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; 8 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 9 import org.springframework.ui.Model;10 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;11 12 @Controller13 public class UserController {14 // 访问登录页15 @RequestMapping("/login")16 public String login() {17 // 下句语句会抛出异常交由GlobalExceptionHandler类的errorHandler方法处理18 // System.out.println(1 / 0);19 20 return "login";21 }22 23 // 访问首页24 @RequestMapping("/index")25 public String index() {26 return "index";27 }28 29 // 访问公共模块30 @RequestMapping("/publicModule")31 public String publicModule() {32 return "page_public";33 }34 35 // 访问私密模块36 @RequestMapping("/privateModule")37 public String privateModule() {38 return "page_leader";39 }40 41 // 登录处理42 @RequestMapping("/doLogin")43 public String doLogin(String username, String password, Model model) {44 // 使用Shiro编写认证处理45 // 1、获取Subject46 Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();47 48 // 2、封装用户数据49 UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(username, password);50 51 // 3、执行登录52 try {53 // 登录成功54 subject.login(token);55 56 // 返回当前用户的帐号57 model.addAttribute("currentuser", token.getUsername());58 59 return "index";60 } catch (UnknownAccountException exception) {61 // 返回错误信息62 model.addAttribute("msg", "账号错误!");63 64 return "login";65 } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException exception) {66 // 返回错误信息67 model.addAttribute("msg", "密码错误!");68 69 return "login";70 }71 }72 73 // 注销处理74 @RequestMapping("/doLogout")75 public String doLogout() {76 // 1、获取Subject77 Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();78 79 // 2、执行注销80 try {81 subject.logout();82 } catch (Exception ex) {83 ex.printStackTrace();84 } finally {85 return "login";86 }87 }88 }
10、编写用户数据访问接口UserDao.java、角色数据访问接口RoleDao.java 和 资源数据访问接口ResourceDao.java
用户数据访问接口UserDao.java
1 package cn.temptation.dao; 2 3 import cn.temptation.domain.User; 4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 5 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; 6 import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param; 7 8 public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository{ 9 // 根据账号查询用户10 @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE username=:username", nativeQuery = true)11 User findByUsername(@Param("username") String username);12 }
角色数据访问接口RoleDao.java
1 package cn.temptation.dao;2 3 import cn.temptation.domain.Role;4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;5 6 public interface RoleDao extends JpaRepository{7 8 }
资源数据访问接口ResourceDao.java
1 package cn.temptation.dao; 2 3 import cn.temptation.domain.Resource; 4 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 5 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; 6 import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param; 7 8 import java.util.List; 9 10 public interface ResourceDao extends JpaRepository{11 @Query(value = "SELECT rs.resourceurl FROM sys_role_resource AS rr " +12 "INNER JOIN sys_resource AS rs ON rr.resourceid = rs.resourceid " +13 "INNER JOIN sys_role AS r ON rr.roleid = r.roleid " +14 "INNER JOIN sys_user AS u ON u.roleid = r.roleid WHERE u.userid = :userid ", nativeQuery = true)15 List findByUserid(@Param("userid") Integer userid);16 }
11、项目结构
12、运行效果